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Q:
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What is a battery?
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A:
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A battery is a source of electrical energy. It is consisted by two substances, and represented by two electrochemically active electrodes of different composition, both of which are immersed in an electrolyte that provides a conductive medium between them. When a battery is connected on an outside load, it provides energy by conveying its internal electrochemical.
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Q:
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What is the difference between primary and secondary battery?
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A:
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A primary battery can discharge once only, while a second battery is rechargeable. When discharge a rechargeable battery, its electrode volume and structure cause a reversible change. Therefore the design of a rechargeable battery must be adequate to adjust these changes. Since a primary battery internal structure is more simple, it doesn¡¯t have to accommodate reversible volume changes. The primary battery has bigger quality ratio and volume ratio than rechargeable battery, however it has a far bigger impedance, consequently the load capability is lower. Furthermore self-discharge of a primary battery is far lower than secondary one.
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Q:
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What is IEC?
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IEC is the abbreviation of International Electrical Commission, which is a worldwide organization of national electrical commission. To promote the standardization in electrician and electron area is its goal. Currently there have been IEC285 for Ni-Cd cell and IEC61436 for Ni-MH. For Li-ion cell doesn¡¯t have any IEC standards yet, generally it is based on Sanyo or Panasonic.
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Q:
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What is the electrochemistry principle of Ni-Cd battery?
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A:
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As for Ni-Cd cell, which Ni (OH) 2 is used for positive, CdO for negative, KON for basis electrolyte, when Ni-Cd is charged, its positive reacts as below:
Ni(OH)2 ¨Ce + OH- ¡ú NiOOH + H2O
Negative reaction is:
Cd(OH)2 + 2e ¡ú Cd + 2OH-
The whole reaction is described as: 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2¡ú 2NiOOH+ Cd+ 2H2O
When discharged, the reaction is reversible: NiOOH + H2O + e¡ú Ni(OH)2 + OH-
Cd + 2OH- + 2e¡ú Cd(OH)2
Ni (OH)2 consistence reduced with NiOOH consistence increasing during charging, and the positive electrical potential gradually raised, while with Cd increasing, Cd (OH)2 is decreased, and the negative electrical potential gradually reduced. When fully charged, the battery¡¯s positive and negative electrical potential reached a balance value; and the electrical potential between the two electrodes is battery charge voltage.
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Q:
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What is the electrochemistry principle of Ni-MH battery?
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A:
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Ni-MH has the similar Ni oxide with Ni-Cd as its positive, hydrogen metal as negative, KOH as basis electrolyte. When Ni-MH cell is charged, positive reaction is:
Ni(OH)2 ¨Ce + OH- ¡ú NiOOH + H2O
Negative reaction is: MHn + ne ¡ú M + n/2H2
Discharged, positive reaction is:NiOOH + H2O + e ¡ú Ni(OH)2 + OH-
Negative reaction is: M + n/2H2 ¡ú MHn + ne
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Q:
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What is the electrochemistry principle of Li-ion battery?
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A:
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Major element of Li-ion cell positive is LiCoO2£¬negative is mainly C. When charged,
Positive reaction is: LiCoO2 ¡ú Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-
Negative reaction is: C + xLi+ + xe- ¡ú CLix
Total reaction is: LiCoO2 + C ¡ú Li1-xCoO2 + CLix
The reaction is reversible as discharged.
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Q:
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What are the marking approaches of rechargeable batteries?
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In accordance with IEC, the marks of nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen batteries must cover 5 elements:
1£© Cell types: KR is designed for Ni-Cd, HF for Ni-MH, and HR for Ni-MH
2£© Cell sizes: the diameter and height of cylinder battery, or the height, width and length of prismatic battery as well as numerical value should be separated by a solidus ¡°/¡±. The unit is mm.
3£© Discharge characteristic signs: L suggests that the rate of discharge is within 0.5C, M within 0.5C-3.5C, H within 3.5C-7.0C, X within 7C-15C high.
4£© T is designed to mark high temperature cells.
5£© Cell terminations: CF means connection-free; HH (head to head) suggests that cells with connection tabs on the cover and along the length in series; HB (head to base) means that cells with connection tabs on the cover and on the base in series.
For example: HF 18/07/49 means that prismatic Ni-MH cell, the width is 18mm,thickness is 7mm, height is 49mm.
KRMT33/62HH means Ni-Cd cell of the discharge rate within 0.5C-3.5C belong to high temperature system (connection-free) with 33mm diameter and 62mm height.
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Q:
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What are the main compositions?
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A:
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The main compositions are: positive plates, negative plates, separators, caps, cases, and insulation layers.
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TECH SUPPORT
INFORMATION
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- Please call
or email us for questions you may
have.
- We can only provide general products information based upon our best knowledge. For very
detailed product information, please check the manufacturers' websites provided in our Links section.
- Customers are final purchase decision makers, therefore responsible for all associated
costs.
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REQUESTING Return Merchandise Authorization Number (RMA#) |
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- Call in for an RMA# first hand before you ship the
defective/return item(s) back to us. Make sure when shipping back the defective/return
item(s) please include a copy of your original invoice and RMA#.
- Please read our Company Policy
for more information and policy about returning.
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ASTAK INC.
will first try to fix defective products. If
defective products can not be fixed, we will replace them with equivalent products. The
followings are our REPAIR WARRANTY. For CREDIT
POLICY, RETURN PROCEDURES and related topics, please
read our Company Policy section.
| PRODUCT |
WARRANTY |
| Battery |
1 year from ASTAK |
| Charger |
1 year from ASTAK |
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For more information, please call us!
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